Exodus 7–12 depicts a tense showdown between the God of Israel and the gods of Egypt. Through ten escalating plagues, God demonstrates His absolute authority over creation, Pharaoh’s will, and false idols. Each plague targets a specific area Egypt believed it controlled—water, crops, animals, health, light, and life itself.

 Pharaoh’s stubborn heart reveals humanity’s resistance to God’s sovereignty, but God uses that resistance to magnify His glory. The final plague—the death of the firstborn—leads to the Passover, where the blood of the lamb shields Israel from judgment. Deliverance finally comes not through Moses’s effort, but through God’s power and promise.